European+Nationalism

European Nationalism 1814-1815

Aaron, Lindsay, and Justin


 * There was also a lot that happened in the time period. The Bill of Roghts was created at this time. It all started with liberalism, which is a political philosophy that was based on the Enlightment principles. Liberals had a common set on beliefs. They believed that the cheif that was in charge had the basic rihts of all people. These included, freedom of speech, assembly, and press. So they believed that they should have a written copy, or proof. This was when they created the Bill of Rights. They then thought that events should be voted on. Which made laws. They however didn't believe on a democracy. They didn't want just anyone to vote. It would only be open to the men. not the women. And the middle-class men only. They didn't want the lower class to share the power.**


 * So after the failure of the Frankfurt Assembly, Germany really looked at Prussia for leadersip because they were one of the most powerful at the time. It's government was authoritarian and their king had control over both government and army. Then their king tried to expand the army but he failed. So he got a new prime minister named Otto von Bismarck. He was very open about his beliefs and feelings of people. He says "Germany does not look to Prussia's liberalism but to her power." He continued to collect taxes and make the army stronger.**

Conservatism- rulers believed in the political philosophy Principle of intervention- great powers had the right to send armies into countries where there were revolutions in order to restore legit monarchs to their thrones Universal Male suffrage- all adult men could vote now during voting Kaiser- emperor of the Second German Empire, William I of Prussia was given this title Militarism- reliance on military strength Plebiscite- popular vote, 97 percent responded with a yes vote in 1848 for Louis-Napoleon’s return to the empire Abolitionism-movement to end slavery arose in the North and challenged the Southern way of life Secede- Withdrawal Romanticism- emerged as a reaction to the ideas of the Enlightenment Socialism-system in which society usually in the form of the government owns some means of production
 * The Austrian Empire was also important at this time. It was a multinational empire that frustrated the desires of its ethnic groups for independence. They now had a centeralized, autocratic government. Because of their defeat against Prussia, it soon led to the Compromise of 1867. This created the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungry. They each now had their own constitution, its own legislature, its own government bureaucracy, and its own capital. This was a big step for the mulitinational empire.**
 * Terms:**

 "A Bill of Rights is what the people are entitled to against every government, and what no just government should refuse, or rest on inference." Thomas Jefferson

 Timeline 1807 Robert Fulton builds the first paddle-wheel steamboat 1814 Congress of Vienna meets 1830 first public railway line opens in Britain 1837 Victoria becomes queen of Great Britain 1848 Revolutions erupt in Europe 1853 Crimean War begins 1861 Czar Alexander II frees the Russian serfs 1865 U.S. Confederate troops surrender 1871 German unification achieved

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People: Charles Darwin: a writer that published "On the origin of species by means of Natural Selection." It goes a long with evolution. Otto von Bismarck: He was the new prime minister, he believed in realpolitik and ignored the legislative. Louis Pasteur: He proposed te germ theory of disease, which was crucial to the development of the mnodern medical practices. Ludwig van Beethoven: He was known as the bridge between classical and romantic periods in music. He was one of the few composers who was able singlehandedly to transform the art of music. Eugene Delacvoix: a famous romantic painter. he once said "a painting should be a feast to the eye". Queen Victoria: She ruled from 1837 to 1901, which was the longest in English history. Which later became known as the Victorian Age. Napoleon III: He controlled the armed forces, polices, and civil service. Only he could introduce legislation and declare war. He also limited civil liberties. Czar Alexander II: He issued an emancipation edict, which freed the serfs. They could marry and own property because of of the edict.