Indian+Independence





 "A man who was completely innocent, offered himself as a sacrifice for the good of others, including his enemies, and became the ransom of the world. It was a perfect act."- Mohandas Gandhi

After World War II, leaders in India relized that British India would have to be divided into two countries, one Hindu and one Muslim. Pakistan consisted of two regions separated by India. One part, West Pakistan, was to be northwest of India. The other, East Pakistan, was to the northeast. On August 15, 1947, India and Pakistan became independent. On January 30, 1948 a Hindu militant assassinated Mohandas Gandhi as he was on his way to a morning prayer.

Conflict between Hindus and Muslims continued to be a problem in India. In 1992, some Muslims and Hindus fought to control a historic holy place in the northern town of Adodhya. Hindu militants destroyed a Muslim shrine there that dated back to the 16th century. Hindu-Muslim riots then broke out all over India.

Religious differences also fueled a long-term dispute between India and Pakistan over Kashmir, a territory between the two nations.Today Pakistan controls one-third of Kashmir, and the rest is held by Indian control. Troops from both countries patrol the border between the two areas. The danger from this conflict escalated in 1998 when both India and Pakistan tested nuclear warheads. In 2002, border conflicts led to threats of war between these two nuclear powers.

__**Queen Victory:**__ also known as “Empress of India” __**Mohandas Gandhi:**__ referred to as India's Great Soul. He protested British laws by using civil disobedience. __**Brigadier Reginald:**__ he was the British Commander. He was also called “Butcher of Amritsar” __**Du Bois:**__ An African American that lead a movement that made all Africans aware of their own culture heritage. __**Garvey:**__ he stressed the need for the unity of all Africans, a movement known as Pan-Africanism which later impacted many Africans. __**Marcos:**__ he was accused of involvement in the killing of a popular opposition leader. __**Ho Chi Minh:**__ Leader of the Wietnamese Communist movement. He was a dedicated follower of Lenin and then became a leader. __**Nathuram Godse**__: This was the man that assined Gandhi __**Jewaharla Nehru:**__ He was India's first Prime Minister, also known as: Pandit” (teacher) __**Lord Mountbatten**__: he was the last Viceroy of India
 * __People:__**
 * __Pol Pot:__** the director of a brutal revolutionary regime in Cambodia. He was the leader of the Khmer Rouge.





__//**Terms**//__
 * Sikhs**- followers of a religion based on both Hindu and Muslim ideas
 * Punjab**- Northern Province was mainly Sikhs that Gandhi refused and sent up and descended troops to in 1980
 * Salt March**- where Gandhi took a 240 mile odyssey, to get salt to get it taxed and sell it back
 * Golden Temple**- in Amritsar, is the holiest shrine of the Sikh religion
 * Kashmir**- conflict is a territorial dispute between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir region
 * Bangladesh**- East Pakistan after it declared its own independence in 1971
 * Government of India Act**- refers to anyone of a series of Acts passed by the U.K. parliament
 * Armitsar**- extremely dishonorable and disgraceful event because of the kind of brutality that was practiced by the British on the helpless Indians
 * Mahatma**- refers to a term known as the Great Soul; the Indian people had referred Mohandas Gandhi as this
 * Civil Disobedience**- refusal to obey laws considered to be unjust by many

//**Timeline:**// __**1947**__: India and Pakistan became independent nations __**1948:**__ Mohandas Gandhi was assassinated by a Hindu militant __**1949:**__ The Republic of Indonesia is established __**1971:**__ Eas Pakistan becomes independent Bangladesh __**1992**__: Hindu militants destroy Muslim shrine at Adodhya __**2002**__: India-Pakistan fighting over Kashmir escalates __**2002**__: East Timor wins independence from Indonesia